39 Compounds

Peptide & Compound Directory

Comprehensive database of peptides, hormones, and research compounds with mechanisms of action, regulatory status, and evidence summaries.

BPC-157

Body Protection Compound
Research

Body Protection Compound-157, a pentadecapeptide derived from gastric juice, studied for tendon, ligament, muscle, and gut healing.

Mechanism: Upregulates growth factor expression (VEGF, FGF), promotes angiogenesis, modulates nitric oxide system
Healing & Recovery

TB-500

Thymosin Beta-4
Research

Thymosin Beta-4 fragment, a 43-amino acid peptide involved in tissue repair, cell migration, and anti-inflammatory processes.

Mechanism: Promotes actin sequestration, cell migration, blood vessel formation, and reduces inflammation
Healing & Recovery

GHK-Cu

Copper Peptide
Research

Copper peptide complex studied for wound healing, skin regeneration, collagen synthesis, and anti-aging properties.

Mechanism: Stimulates collagen, glycosaminoglycan synthesis, promotes stem cell activity, and has antioxidant effects
Healing & Recovery

LL-37

Cathelicidin
Research

Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and wound healing properties.

Mechanism: Disrupts microbial membranes, modulates immune response, promotes angiogenesis and wound closure
Healing & Recovery

KPV

Alpha-MSH Fragment
Research

Tripeptide derived from alpha-MSH with potent anti-inflammatory properties, studied for gut health and inflammatory conditions.

Mechanism: Inhibits NF-κB pathway, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulates immune cell activity
Healing & Recovery

Thymosin Alpha-1

Tα1
Approved (outside US)

Immune-modulating peptide approved in multiple countries for hepatitis B/C and as an immune adjuvant.

Mechanism: Activates dendritic cells, enhances T-cell function, promotes antibody production
Healing & Recovery

Semaglutide

Ozempic
FDA Approved

GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic) and chronic weight management (Wegovy).

Mechanism: Activates GLP-1 receptors, reduces appetite, slows gastric emptying, improves insulin sensitivity
Fat Loss & Metabolic

Tirzepatide

Mounjaro
FDA Approved

Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro) and weight management (Zepbound).

Mechanism: Dual incretin agonism (GIP + GLP-1), enhanced insulin secretion, reduced appetite, improved metabolic markers
Fat Loss & Metabolic

Retatrutide

LY3437943
Phase 3 Trials

Triple agonist targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors, in Phase 3 trials showing up to 24% body weight loss.

Mechanism: Triple incretin agonism (GLP-1 + GIP + Glucagon), enhanced energy expenditure, appetite suppression
Fat Loss & Metabolic

AOD-9604

hGH Fragment 176-191
Research

Modified fragment of human growth hormone (hGH 176-191) studied for fat metabolism without growth-promoting effects.

Mechanism: Stimulates lipolysis, inhibits lipogenesis, mimics the fat-burning portion of hGH without IGF-1 elevation
Fat Loss & Metabolic

MOTS-c

Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA Type-c
Research

Mitochondrial-derived peptide that regulates metabolic homeostasis and exercise mimetic effects.

Mechanism: Activates AMPK pathway, improves glucose uptake, enhances fatty acid oxidation, exercise mimetic
Fat Loss & Metabolic

5-Amino-1MQ

5-Amino 1MQ
Research

NNMT inhibitor studied for its potential to increase NAD+ levels and promote fat cell metabolism.

Mechanism: Inhibits NNMT enzyme, increases NAD+ salvage pathway activity, promotes fat cell energy expenditure
Fat Loss & Metabolic

CJC-1295

Modified GRF 1-29
Research

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) analog that stimulates natural GH production with extended half-life.

Mechanism: Binds GHRH receptors on pituitary somatotrophs, stimulates GH release in pulsatile fashion

Ipamorelin

NNC 26-0161
Research

Selective growth hormone secretagogue with minimal cortisol and prolactin elevation compared to other GHRPs.

Mechanism: Selective ghrelin receptor agonist, stimulates GH release without significant cortisol/prolactin increase

MK-677

Ibutamoren
Research

Oral growth hormone secretagogue (non-peptide) that increases GH and IGF-1 levels for up to 24 hours.

Mechanism: Oral ghrelin mimetic, stimulates sustained GH release, increases IGF-1, improves sleep architecture

Sermorelin

GRF 1-29
Research

GHRH analog that was previously FDA-approved for GH deficiency diagnosis and is widely used in anti-aging medicine.

Mechanism: Binds GHRH receptors, stimulates natural pulsatile GH release from the anterior pituitary

Tesamorelin

Egrifta
FDA Approved

GHRH analog FDA-approved for HIV-associated lipodystrophy, studied for cognitive benefits and visceral fat reduction.

Mechanism: Stabilized GHRH analog, stimulates GH release, reduces visceral adipose tissue

Hexarelin

Examorelin
Research

Potent growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP) with cardioprotective properties studied in clinical trials.

Mechanism: Ghrelin receptor agonist, potent GH release, cardioprotective via CD36 receptor binding

Selank

TP-7
Approved (Russia)

Synthetic peptide analog of tuftsin with anxiolytic and nootropic properties, approved in Russia for anxiety.

Mechanism: Modulates GABA, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine systems; enhances BDNF expression
Cognitive Enhancement

Semax

ACTH 4-10 analog
Approved (Russia)

Synthetic ACTH analog with neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing properties, approved in Russia for stroke recovery.

Mechanism: Increases BDNF, modulates dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, neuroprotective via NGF upregulation
Cognitive Enhancement

Dihexa

N-hexanoic-Tyr-Ile-(6) aminohexanoic amide
Research

Angiotensin IV analog studied for cognitive enhancement, reported to be 10 million times more potent than BDNF.

Mechanism: Activates hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met receptor system, promotes synaptogenesis and neurogenesis
Cognitive Enhancement

Cerebrolysin

FPF-1070
Approved (outside US)

Porcine brain-derived peptide mixture approved in multiple countries for stroke, TBI, and Alzheimer's disease.

Mechanism: Neurotrophic peptide mixture mimicking BDNF, GDNF, NGF, and CNTF; promotes neuroplasticity
Cognitive Enhancement

P21

P021
Research

Synthetic peptide derived from CNTF (ciliary neurotrophic factor) studied for neurogenesis and cognitive enhancement.

Mechanism: CNTF-derived peptide, promotes neurogenesis in hippocampus, inhibits tau phosphorylation
Cognitive Enhancement

Epithalon

Epitalon
Research

Synthetic tetrapeptide studied for telomerase activation and pineal gland restoration in anti-aging research.

Mechanism: Activates telomerase, elongates telomeres, restores pineal gland melatonin production
Longevity & Anti-Aging

NAD+

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
Supplement

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a critical coenzyme involved in cellular energy production and DNA repair.

Mechanism: Essential cofactor for sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38; involved in 500+ enzymatic reactions
Longevity & Anti-Aging

DSIP

Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide
Research

Delta sleep-inducing peptide studied for promoting deep sleep, stress reduction, and neuroendocrine regulation.

Mechanism: Promotes delta wave sleep, modulates cortisol and ACTH, influences LH release and somatostatin
Longevity & Anti-Aging

SS-31

Elamipretide
Phase 3 Trials

Mitochondria-targeted peptide (Elamipretide) in clinical trials for mitochondrial dysfunction and heart failure.

Mechanism: Targets cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizes electron transport chain, reduces ROS
Longevity & Anti-Aging

Humanin

HN
Research

Mitochondrial-derived peptide with cytoprotective properties, studied for neuroprotection and metabolic health.

Mechanism: Activates STAT3 pathway, inhibits apoptosis, reduces oxidative stress, improves insulin sensitivity
Longevity & Anti-Aging

PT-141

Bremelanotide
FDA Approved

Melanocortin receptor agonist FDA-approved (as Vyleesi) for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women.

Mechanism: MC3R/MC4R agonist, acts centrally in the brain to increase sexual desire and arousal

Melanotan II

MT-II
Research

Non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist studied for tanning, sexual dysfunction, and appetite suppression.

Mechanism: Activates MC1R (tanning), MC3R/MC4R (sexual function, appetite), broad melanocortin agonism

Kisspeptin-10

Kisspeptin
Research

Neuropeptide that stimulates GnRH release, studied for reproductive endocrinology and fertility applications.

Mechanism: Activates GPR54 on GnRH neurons, stimulates LH and FSH release, master regulator of reproduction

Testosterone Cypionate

Test Cyp
FDA Approved

Long-acting testosterone ester, the most commonly prescribed form of TRT in the United States.

Mechanism: Exogenous testosterone replacement, binds androgen receptors, restores physiological testosterone levels
Testosterone & TRT

Testosterone Enanthate

Test E
FDA Approved

Long-acting testosterone ester widely used for TRT, with similar pharmacokinetics to testosterone cypionate.

Mechanism: Exogenous testosterone replacement with 4-5 day half-life, maintains stable serum levels with regular dosing
Testosterone & TRT

Enclomiphene

Androxal
Research

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) studied for raising endogenous testosterone while preserving fertility.

Mechanism: Blocks estrogen negative feedback at hypothalamus/pituitary, increases LH/FSH, stimulates endogenous testosterone
Testosterone & TRT

HCG

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
FDA Approved

Human chorionic gonadotropin, used alongside TRT to maintain testicular function and fertility.

Mechanism: LH analog, stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone, maintains intratesticular testosterone and spermatogenesis
Testosterone & TRT

Gonadorelin

GnRH
FDA Approved

Synthetic GnRH used to stimulate LH and FSH release, increasingly used as HCG alternative on TRT.

Mechanism: Pulsatile GnRH receptor agonist, stimulates pituitary LH/FSH release, maintains HPG axis function
Testosterone & TRT

Thymosin Alpha-1

Tα1
Approved (outside US)

Immune-modulating peptide that enhances T-cell function, used globally for hepatitis, cancer adjuvant therapy, and immune deficiency.

Mechanism: Activates toll-like receptors, enhances dendritic cell maturation, promotes Th1 immune response

Thymalin

Thymus Extract
Research

Thymic peptide complex studied for immune system restoration and anti-aging effects on the thymus gland.

Mechanism: Restores thymic function, promotes T-cell differentiation, modulates cytokine production

Larazotide

AT-1001
Phase 3 Trials

Tight junction regulator peptide in clinical trials for celiac disease and intestinal permeability.

Mechanism: Regulates zonulin pathway, tightens intestinal tight junctions, reduces intestinal permeability

Understanding Peptide Therapy

Peptides are short chains of amino acids that serve as signaling molecules in the body, regulating everything from growth hormone release to immune function, tissue repair, and metabolic processes. Unlike traditional pharmaceuticals that often target a single receptor, peptides work through multiple complementary pathways, making them versatile tools in modern medicine and research.

Categories of Peptide Therapy

Healing & Recovery peptides like BPC-157 and TB-500 have gained significant attention for their ability to accelerate tissue repair. BPC-157, derived from gastric juice, has shown remarkable results in preclinical studies for tendon, ligament, and gut healing through upregulation of growth factors and angiogenesis promotion. Read our Complete Guide to Peptide Therapy for a comprehensive overview.

GLP-1 receptor agonists such as Semaglutide and Tirzepatide represent the most commercially successful peptide-based therapies, with FDA approval for both type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. Retatrutide, a triple agonist targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors, is showing unprecedented weight loss results in Phase 3 clinical trials.

Growth hormone secretagogues including CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin stimulate natural GH production from the pituitary gland, offering potential benefits for body composition, recovery, and sleep quality without the risks associated with exogenous growth hormone administration.

Cognitive peptides like Selank and Semax, developed in Russia and approved for clinical use there, modulate neurotransmitter systems including GABA, serotonin, and dopamine while promoting BDNF expression for neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement.

Explore Our Comprehensive Guides

Dive deeper into peptide and TRT science with our expert-reviewed pillar guides.